cell organelles,mitochondria, golgi bodies

Cell

Cell is the structural and function unit of life organism

All organism are made from cells 

They are the structural unit of organism

Major components of cells

Cell contain three main things 

1)cell membrane

2)cytoplasm

3)nucleus

Cell organelles

Cytoplasm of cell contain organelles which are given as under.

1)mitochondria :-

Singular mitochondrion

Two Latin words :-

Mitochondria come from Latin words

"Mito" mean         "thread"

"Chondria" mean "granules"

Presence

They are found in eukaryotic cells .

Shape

Their shape various from spherical to highly elongated.

Length

They are typically 5 mm in length and 0.2 micrometer across.

Number of mitochondria

The number of varies depending upon the activity of cell e.g liver cell have more than 1000 mitochondria while ear lobe have small number.

Structure of mitochondria

Mitochondria are bounded by doubles membrane. The outer smooth membrane control the entry and exist of chemical.

They inner membrane form many folds called cristae.

The inner space filled with a fluid cell  matrix. The matrix contain DNA and a variety of enzyme

Diagram

Function :-

Mitochondria are the power house of the cell due to storage of ATP during cellular respiration.

Some protein synthesis also occurs within a cell.

It has ability to replicate their own DNA.

Semi autonomous body

Mitochondria are Also called semi autonomous body because it contain their own DNA and have an ability to replicate their own DNA

Synthesis of  some protein also occure in mitochondria

Golgi bodies

Naming

They were discovered by camillo golgi in 1898.,that's why he gave himself name to gogli bodies.

They are also know as golgi complex , golgi apparatus.

Dictysomes

Plant cells have large number of stacks known as dictyosomes.

Structure

Golgi bodies consist of cisternae Golgi vesicle (lysosome) and golgiam vacules.

Cisterae are the flattened sac like structure which stacked one above the other golgian vesicles are small droplets like structure. They develop from cisternae.

The golgian vacuoles are large spherical sacs which are formed by the expansion of the flattened sacs of cisternae.

Diagram

Function

They store  secretion, converts then into finished product's and packed then into golgian vesicles which transport Secretion outside the cell.

Nucleus , cytoplasm

Nucleus

nucleus is most important part of the cell.

nucleus control all the activities of the cell.

location:-

nucleus is present in the centre  in animal cell ,while in animal it lies in the side of cell because of presene of larhe central vacuole.

nuclear envolpe :-

nucleus is surrounded by double membrane called nuclear envolpe.

this membrane is porous too.

             A granular matrix called nucleoplasm is presentb within the nucleus which contain one or top nucleoli and chromosome.chromosome are more visisble in a dividing cell while they appear as a network of finr threads in the non dividing cell.

number of chromosome :-

the number of chromosome is always specific within a cell of a speceis.

e.g

human cell contain 46 chromosome

onion cell contain 16 chromosome

radish cell comtain 18 chromosome

       chromosome occure in pair in a dipload cell.chromosome is composed of protein and dna .Dna is hereditary material.

function:-

nucleus is called brain of the cell because it control all thr function if the cell.

necleus contain dna and dna is herditory materail.

process of replication occure within the cell

process of sysnthesis of messenger rna occure within the cell.

   (nucleus is present in eukaryotic cell while absent in prolaryotic cell)

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2)cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is present in between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.

It is an aqueous substance which cotain a variety of cell organelles insoluble waste and fundamental biochemical of life .

It has two parts soluble and insoluble.

It also has a skeleton of very fine fibres.it has about 90% water and forms solution.

It acts as a store house of vital chemical.

It provide a site for various biochemical activities 

E.g glycolysis.

Cytoplasm contain various cell organelles such as mitochondria, golgi bodies ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, plastics etc organelles.